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Can an action learn from its consequence?

Four cells take up food in a coupled Julia material. Their action readouts receive ordinary credit, no credit, or reversed credit. Compare what changes during training with what carries into a new food mixture after learning is frozen.

Externally reset episodic training. Every training episode starts from a fresh physical state. Only the action readout offsets persist. This is an engineered training assay, not uninterrupted learning during a cell’s lifetime.

This establishes an action-credit mechanism to build on. The next study keeps one physical history and pays for learning.

Ordinary creditExploration only · no creditReversed credit

1 · Across training episodes

Each point is an actual exploratory episode. Values subtract the original noise-free policy in the same food mixture; the training curves include exploration noise. Lines show the mean of selected cells and banks. Fresh physical resets separate episodes; these are not one continuous life.

2 · Frozen transfer into unseen mixtures

One row per selected cell and unseen mixture. Each dot subtracts that cell’s original frozen-policy payoff. All policies are frozen, exploration is off, initial food totals match, and the physical episode is otherwise matched. Zero means no improvement; a positive absolute payoff alone is not evidence of learning.

Founder banks are the replication level: three banks in this study. Cell × mixture observations are nested within each bank and are not independent replications.

Inspect the measured transfer values
BankCellFood A / BOrdinary creditNo creditReversed credit
What this comparison establishes—and what remains open

The local payoff is the episode’s change in battery plus efficiency-weighted stored-food chemical potential. Physical sources, growth and division are disabled in this small 8³ assay. Updates affect uptake-A, uptake-B and catabolic action readouts around the production Julia physics.

Training alternates two mixtures and uses assay-supplied context baselines. Training work is external and is not charged to a cell’s battery. The two held-out mixtures were not used for training. A bounded result across these founder banks does not establish autonomous lifetime learning, ecological adaptation, reproduction, or a benefit for every cell. No result shown here changes an old run or a production learning law.

Mechanism and limits · Julia study · Compact measured data and source hashes